@InProceedings{RampelottoRosRigEchNor:2009:LoTeVa,
               author = "Rampelotto, Pabulo Henrique and Rosa, Marcelo Barcellos da and 
                         Rigozo, Nivaor Rodolfo and Echer, Mariza Pereira de Souza and 
                         Nordeman, Daniel Jean Roger",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de 
                         Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Long term variability of rainfall and temperature (1912-2008) from 
                         Santa Maria – South of Brazil (29ºS, 53ºW) and its connection with 
                         solar activity",
                 year = "2009",
         organization = "International Living with a Star, (ILWS/2009).",
             abstract = "The role of the Suns activity on the climate changes has been 
                         revived by the concern of its uncertainty associated to questions 
                         involving the anthropogenic effects on the climate. One key 
                         element to understand the connections between Sun and 
                         climate/weather has been the search for possible influences of 
                         solar activity on the different meteorological and/or 
                         climatological parameters. In this work, monthly historical data 
                         of temperature and rainfall (1912-2008) from Santa Maria - South 
                         of Brazil (29ºS, 53ºW) have been correlated with sunspot number 
                         data. Wavelets analyses have been applied in order to find 
                         cross-correlations and coherencies in terms of direct or indirect 
                         effect of the solar activity on the rainfall and temperature. The 
                         monthly cross-wavelet shows a periodicity of 12 months (1 yr) 
                         considering the solar effect on the temperature, which was 
                         constant for all period and presented the most intensity on the 
                         solar maximums. For the rainfall series, a periodicity around 12 
                         month (1 yr) was observed and more evident near of the solar 
                         maximum, but not constant for the analysed period, as observed for 
                         the first case. The cycles of rainfall show a periodicity of 36-60 
                         months (3-5 yr), which matches the ENSO cycle suggesting an El 
                         Niño South Oscillation ENSOs control of rainfall in the region. 
                         Therefore, in general, for temperature and rainfall, the power 
                         spectra increase significantly with the increasing of sunspot 
                         number. The maximum spectra were observed near the solar maximum. 
                         The coherencies were higher than 0.7 indicating a high correlation 
                         between the solar activity and the studied meteorological 
                         parameters.",
  conference-location = "Ubatuba, S{\~a}o Paulo, Brasil",
      conference-year = "October, 4-9",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "ILWS2009 abstract Long term variability of rainfall and 
                         temperatute and its connection with solar activity Pabulo.doc",
        urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}